AI Snake Oil - by Arvind Narayanan & Sayash Kapoor (Hardcover)

About the Book

"A trade book that argues that predictive AI is snake oil: it cannot and will never work. Artificial Intelligence is an umbrella term for a set of loosely related technologies. For instance, ChatGPT has little in common with algorithms that banks use to evaluate loan applicants. Both of these are referred to as AI, but in all of the salient ways - how they work, what they're used for and by whom, and how they fail - they couldn't be more different. Understanding the fundamental differences between AI technologies is critical for a technologically literate public to evaluate how AI is being used all around us. In this book, Arvind Narayanan and Sayash Kapoor explain the major strains of AI in use today: generative AI, predictive AI, and AI for content moderation. They show readers how to differentiate between them and, importantly, make a cogent argument for which types of AI can work well and which can never work, because of their inherent limitations. AI in this latter category, the authors argue, is AI snake oil: it does not and cannot work. More precisely, generative AI is imperfect but can be used for good once we learn how to apply it appropriately, whereas predictive AI can never work - in spite of the fact that it's being sold and marketed today in products - because we have never been able to accurately predict human behavior"--

Book Synopsis

From two of TIME's 100 Most Influential People in AI, what you need to know about AI--and how to defend yourself against bogus AI claims and products

Confused about AI and worried about what it means for your future and the future of the world? You're not alone. AI is everywhere--and few things are surrounded by so much hype, misinformation, and misunderstanding. In AI Snake Oil, computer scientists Arvind Narayanan and Sayash Kapoor cut through the confusion to give you an essential understanding of how AI works and why it often doesn't, where it might be useful or harmful, and when you should suspect that companies are using AI hype to sell AI snake oil--products that don't work, and probably never will.

While acknowledging the potential of some AI, such as ChatGPT, AI Snake Oil uncovers rampant misleading claims about the capabilities of AI and describes the serious harms AI is already causing in how it's being built, marketed, and used in areas such as education, medicine, hiring, banking, insurance, and criminal justice. The book explains the crucial differences between types of AI, why organizations are falling for AI snake oil, why AI can't fix social media, why AI isn't an existential risk, and why we should be far more worried about what people will do with AI than about anything AI will do on its own. The book also warns of the dangers of a world where AI continues to be controlled by largely unaccountable big tech companies.

By revealing AI's limits and real risks, AI Snake Oil will help you make better decisions about whether and how to use AI at work and home.

Review Quotes

"A Behavioral Scientist Notable Book of the Year"

"Well-researched book -- one of the best on this controversial subject."---Andrew Robinson, Nature

"Narayanan and Kapoor's efforts are clarifying. . . . They demystify the technical details behind what we call AI with ease, cutting against the deluge of corporate marketing from this sector."---Edward Ongweso Jr., The New Republic

"This book is an easy read for anyone interested in artificial intelligence (AI). It is a wide subject, with categories of AI that do different things, and the authors give many good examples to educate and dispel AI myths."---Geraldine McBride, Financial World

"A worthwhile read whether you make policy decisions, use AI in the workplace or just spend time searching online. It's a powerful reminder of how AI has already infiltrated our lives--and a convincing plea to take care in how we interact with it."---Elizabeth Quill, Science News

"As artificial intelligence proliferates, more and more hinges on our ability to articulate our own value. We seem to be on the cusp of a world in which workers of all kinds--teachers, doctors, writers, photographers, lawyers, coders, clerks, and more--will be replaced with, or to some degree sidelined by, their A.I. equivalents. What will get left out when A.I. steps in? . . . . [Narayanan and Kapoor] approach the question on a practical level. They urge skepticism, and argue that the blanket term 'A.I.' can serve as a kind of smoke screen for underperforming technologies. . . . [AI Snake Oil isn't] just describing A.I., which continues to evolve, but characterizing the human condition."---Joshua Rothman, The New Yorker

"Well-informed, clear and persuasive--the cool breeze of knowledge and good sense are a good antidote to anybody inclined to believe the hyped claims and fears."---Diane Coyle, Enlightened Economist

"Arvind Narayanan and Sayash Kapoor write about AI capabilities in a wide range of settings, from criminal sentencing to moderating social media. My favorite part of the book is Chapter 5, which takes the arguments of AI doomers head-on."---Timothy B. Lee, Understanding AI

"Effectively translates the technical to the practical."---John Warner, Inside Higher Ed

"The first step to understanding AI better is coming to terms with the vagueness of the term. . . . AI Snake Oil divides artificial intelligence into two subcategories: predictive AI, which uses data to assess future outcomes; and generative AI, which crafts probable answers to prompts based on past data. It's worth it for anyone who encounters AI tools, willingly or not, to spend at least a little time trying to better grasp key concepts."---Reece Rogers, WIRED

"The authors admirably differentiate fact from opinion, draw from personal experience, give sensible reasons for their views (including copious references), and don't hesitate to call for action. . . . If you're curious about AI or deciding how to implement it, AI Snake Oil offers clear writing and level-headed thinking."---Jean Gazis, PracticalEcommerce

"[A] solid overview of AI's defects."-- "Publishers Weekly"

"The experienced authors bring a wealth of knowledge to their subject. . . . Written in language that even nontechnical readers can understand, the text provides plenty of practical suggestions that can benefit creators and users alike. It's also worth noting that Narayanan and Kapoor write a regular newsletter to update their points. Highly useful advice for those who work with or are affected by AI--i.e., nearly everyone."-- "Kirkus, starred review"

About the Author

Arvind Narayanan is professor of computer science at Princeton University and director of its Center for Information Technology Policy. He is the coauthor of Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Technologies (Princeton) and Fairness and Machine Learning. Sayash Kapoor is a PhD candidate in computer science at Princeton. He previously worked as a software engineer at Facebook, where he helped create AI for content moderation. To learn more, please visit AISnakeOil.com.