Declared Defective - (Critical Studies in the History of Anthropology) by Robert Jarvenpa (Hardcover)

About the Book

"In Declared Defective: Native Americans, Eugenics, and the Myth of Nam Hollow, Robert Jarvenpa offers both an intriguing history of the mixed-race Native Americans named the "Nam," who originated from western New England, and a critical reevaluation of one of the earliest eugenics family studies, The Nam: A Study in Cacogenics, written in 1912 by the leading eugenicists Arthur H. Estabrook and Charles B. Davenport" --

Book Synopsis

Declared Defective is the anthropological history of an outcaste community and a critical reevaluation of The Nam Family, written in 1912 by Arthur Estabrook and Charles Davenport, leaders of the early twentieth-century eugenics movement. Based on their investigations of an obscure rural enclave in upstate New York, the biologists were repulsed by the poverty and behavior of the people in Nam Hollow. They claimed that their alleged indolence, feeble-mindedness, licentiousness, alcoholism, and criminality were biologically inherited.

Declared Defective reveals that Nam Hollow was actually a community of marginalized, mixed-race Native Americans, the Van Guilders, adapting to scarce resources during an era of tumultuous political and economic change. Their Mohican ancestors had lost lands and been displaced from the frontiers of colonial expansion in western Massachusetts in the late eighteenth century. Estabrook and Davenport's portrait of innate degeneracy was a grotesque mischaracterization based on class prejudice and ignorance of the history and hybridic subculture of the people of Guilder Hollow. By bringing historical experience, agency, and cultural process to the forefront of analysis, Declared Defective illuminates the real lives and struggles of the Mohican Van Guilders. It also exposes the pseudoscientific zealotry and fearmongering of Progressive Era eugenics while exploring the contradictions of race and class in America.

Review Quotes

"Declared Defective will contribute considerably to histories and discussions of race in America, which is normally geared to a conversation around issues of black and white--literally and metaphorically. Connecting the colonial past with the scientific racism of the twentieth century is a unique contribution."--Brenda Macdougall, chair of Métis research and associate professor of geography, environment, and geomatics at the University of Ottawa -- (9/19/2017 12:00:00 AM)

"Declared Defective will be of interest to scholars of Native North America, the Progressive Era, the history of science, and race and ethnicity."--Mikaëla M. Adams, Journal of American Ethnic History

"A well-researched, fast-paced, compact, and gracefully written examination of Progressive Era eugenics and the complex origins, historical development, and significance of a mixed-race, outcast community. Declared Defective is an important contribution to the history of anthropology, science, racial thought, and Native Americans."--John David Smith, Charles H. Stone Distinguished Professor of American History at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte

-- (9/19/2017 12:00:00 AM)

"This powerful story of colonial dispossession, race relations, and rural impoverishment is as relevant as ever in a world where once again many are inclined to naturalize socioeconomic inequality."--Paul Nadasdy, associate professor of anthropology at Cornell University
-- (9/19/2017 12:00:00 AM)

About the Author

Robert Jarvenpa is professor emeritus and former chair of the Department of Anthropology at the State University of New York at Albany and a research associate at the New York State Museum. He is the coauthor of Circumpolar Lives and Livelihood: A Comparative Ethnoarchaeology of Gender and Subsistence (Nebraska, 2006) and author of Northern Passage: Ethnography and Apprenticeship among the Subarctic Dene.