Distillation Diagnostics - by Henry Z Kister (Hardcover)

About the Book

"Distillation is the major separation technique used in the chemical and petroleum industry, because of its low capital cost, easy scale-up, and not introducing agents that later need to be separated. Distillation is used to separate a mixture containing components having different boiling points. For example, crude oil is always separated by distillation into products such as light petroleum gases (LPG), gasoline, jet fuel, diesel, gas oils and residue. The residue is further distilled to make feeds to refinery conversion units such as FCC and hydrocrackers, and to produce lubricating oils, paraffin wax, asphalt, and other products. In chemical and petrochemicals industries, reactor products containing a multitude of compounds are purified by distillation to in the path to producing final products such as natural gas, polypropylene, PVC, polystyrene, formaldehyde, phenol, silicones, agricultural chemicals, paints, perfumes, pharmaceuticals, antibiotics, and many more. Not to mention the well-known distillation of alcohol to produce spirits, renewable fuels, and hand sanitizers. The vast majority of manufactured goods include several distillation steps along their production paths. Gas absorption is a related operation that removes impurities from gas streams such as toxic hydrogen sulfide from natural gas or pollutants from waste gases, using similar equipment"--

From the Back Cover

Thorough guide on how to use various diagnostic techniques to troubleshoot problems in distillation columns

Distillation Diagnostics familiarizes the reader with the multitude of tools available for diagnosing distillation and absorption tower problems and provides the reader with application guidelines derived from 40+ years of real-world experiences of the author.

The book describes the capabilities, strengths and limitations of each tool, provides guidance on how to apply these tools to get the most insight and to test theories and ideas, shares the experience of how to correctly interpret the results provided by each technique, and guides the reader to a multitude of additional testing that they can perform to bring them closer to a correct diagnosis and an effective fix. Each technique is illustrated with real case studies and an extensive "dos and don'ts" list.

Written by a global authority on distillation diagnostics and troubleshooting known as 'The Tower Doctor' by many in the field, Distillation Diagnostics includes information on:

• Possible solutions to the growing distillation failure rate despite the tremendous recent advances in distillation technologies
• Time-tested tools and techniques for correctly diagnosing distillation problems to provide simple low-cost fixes instead of unnecessary wasteful solutions, thus eliminating waste and dramatically reducing CAPEX, energy consumption and carbon footprint
• Combining the various diagnostic techniques to discard wrong theories and narrow in on the correct root cause and proper solution for various tower malfunctions
• Diagnosing flooding, foaming, plugging, weeping, maldistribution, channeling, distributor and collector overflows, low efficiencies, feeds and draws bottlenecks, assembly mishaps, tower internals damage, high base level issues, reactions in towers, contaminants, internal and external leaks, startup and/or shutdown difficulties
• Correctly interpreting gamma scan, thermal scan, and pressure drop data
• Getting the most out of testing techniques such as gamma scanning, neutron backscatter, wall temperature surveys, pressure drop measurements, column testing, sketching points of transition, collecting data for simulations, conducting mass and energy balances, analyzing operating charts, and in-situ water testing
• Turnaround tower inspections: what to look for
• Advanced gamma scanning and thermal scanning techniques and when to apply
• The "doctor and patient" troubleshooting strategy, which often constitutes the most effective, most systematic, and least expensive course of action
• Things to remember when formulating and testing theories, such as the balance between theory, data, the laws of physics, and chemistry

Distillation Diagnostics is a timely, essential reference on the subject for plant managers and operators, production and startup supervisors, and chemical, process, and design engineers.

About the Author

Henry Z. Kister is a Fluor Corporation senior fellow and director of fractionation technology. He has over 40 years expertise in all phases of distillation, including troubleshooting, operation, debottlenecking, design, start-up, and control of fractionation processes and equipment. For over 30 years, Mr. Kister has led the IChemE-sponsored 3-day continuing education course Practical Distillation Technology, by now presented over 550 times in public and for major corporations in 26 countries on all 6 continents.